Request for Expression of Interest for Consultancy Services for Infrastructure Sharing (Republished)
Request for Expression of Interest
Consultancy Services
Nepal Telecommunications Authority
Infrastructure Sharing
(First Date of Publication: 20 May 2009)
(Republished date: 22 July 2009)
Nepal Telecommunications Authority (NTA) invites Expression of Interest (EoI) for study of Infrastructure Sharing from interested Institutions/organizations indicating their experiences in similar type of work, their qualification with references, and also their institutional facilities and capabilities within 30 days from the republished date of this notice.
The objectives of the consultancy are as follows:
· Find out and recommend modalities on Infrastructure Sharing
· Prepare a consultation paper on Infrastructure sharing and develop guidelines related to it in consultation with operators and other stakeholders.
· Recommend areas where pilot projects of infrastructure sharing can be initiated.
Interested parties may obtain further information from NTA at the address given below during 10:00 am to 5:00 pm on working days. The detail Terms of Reference for the consultancy program and the evaluation criteria can be downloaded from NTA website at http://www.nta.gov.np.
Nepal Telecommunications Authority (NTA)
Blue Star Office Complex, Tripureshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal;
Phone: 4101030/31/32/; Fax: 4101034;
E-mail: ntra@nta.gov.np; info@nta.gov.np
Friday, August 21, 2009
SATRC Workshop on IP Based Network Services and Network Security
The SATRC Workshop on “IP Based Network Services and Network Security” will be held in Kathmandu, Nepal from 02 – 04 June 2009. The workshop will be organized by the Asia Pacific Telecommunity and hosted by the Nepal Telecommunication Authority. The workshop is supported by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication (MIC), Japan.
The SATRC Workshop on “IP Based Network Services and Network Security” is a part of the implementation of SATRC Action plan Phase II which was developed at the 9th SATRC meeting in 2007 and revised at the 10th SATRC meeting in 2008. The workshop will discuss a number of issues related to IP based services, VoIP and network security. It will assist the Regulatory bodies of the SATRC member countries in their human resource development needs for acquiring knowledge and skills in regulatory and implementation matters. It will provide an excellent opportunity to exchange views and experiences among the SATRC member country’s regulators and operators on the issues as mentioned.
The SATRC Workshop on “IP Based Network Services and Network Security” will be held in Kathmandu, Nepal from 02 – 04 June 2009. The workshop will be organized by the Asia Pacific Telecommunity and hosted by the Nepal Telecommunication Authority. The workshop is supported by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication (MIC), Japan.
The SATRC Workshop on “IP Based Network Services and Network Security” is a part of the implementation of SATRC Action plan Phase II which was developed at the 9th SATRC meeting in 2007 and revised at the 10th SATRC meeting in 2008. The workshop will discuss a number of issues related to IP based services, VoIP and network security. It will assist the Regulatory bodies of the SATRC member countries in their human resource development needs for acquiring knowledge and skills in regulatory and implementation matters. It will provide an excellent opportunity to exchange views and experiences among the SATRC member country’s regulators and operators on the issues as mentioned.
Welcome to NTA Website
Using liberalization policy and involving the private sector in a competitive environment for the development and expansion of telecommunication sector in Nepal, the then his Majesty's Government of Nepal 's (cabinet) decision dated 2052/9/10 B.S. (December 25, 1995 A.D.) has initiated the involvement of the private sector in the development of the telecommunication services. To make this work more systematic and regular, Telecommunication Act 2053 B.S.(1997 A.D.) and Telecommunication Regulation 2054 B.S. (1998 A.D.) has been implemented as a legal support and with the obligations in aforesaid Act and Regulation, work has been initiated by establishing Nepal Telecommunications Authority as an autonomous regulatory body on 2054-11-20 B.S. (March 4, 1998 A.D.).
To make the telecommunications service reliable and easily available to the public.
To make necessary arrangement to avail basic telecommunications service and facilities in all rural and urban areas throughout Nepal.
To protect the rights and interests of consumers by ensuring the provision of quality service.
To make arrangement for the coordination and healthy competition among the persons providing Telecommunications Service and facilities.
Using liberalization policy and involving the private sector in a competitive environment for the development and expansion of telecommunication sector in Nepal, the then his Majesty's Government of Nepal 's (cabinet) decision dated 2052/9/10 B.S. (December 25, 1995 A.D.) has initiated the involvement of the private sector in the development of the telecommunication services. To make this work more systematic and regular, Telecommunication Act 2053 B.S.(1997 A.D.) and Telecommunication Regulation 2054 B.S. (1998 A.D.) has been implemented as a legal support and with the obligations in aforesaid Act and Regulation, work has been initiated by establishing Nepal Telecommunications Authority as an autonomous regulatory body on 2054-11-20 B.S. (March 4, 1998 A.D.).
To make the telecommunications service reliable and easily available to the public.
To make necessary arrangement to avail basic telecommunications service and facilities in all rural and urban areas throughout Nepal.
To protect the rights and interests of consumers by ensuring the provision of quality service.
To make arrangement for the coordination and healthy competition among the persons providing Telecommunications Service and facilities.
Friday, June 26, 2009
Profitability
A bank generates a profit from the differential between the level of interest it pays for deposits and other sources of funds, and the level of interest it charges in its lending activities. This difference is referred to as the spread between the cost of funds and the loan interest rate. Historically, profitability from lending activities has been cyclical and dependent on the needs and strengths of loan customers. In recent history, investors have demanded a more stable revenue stream and banks have therefore placed more emphasis on transaction fees, primarily loan fees but also including service charges on an array of deposit activities and ancillary services (international banking, foreign exchange, insurance, investments, wire transfers, etc.). Lending activities, however, still provide the bulk of a commercial bank's income.
In the past 10 years American banks have taken many measures to ensure that they remain profitable while responding to increasingly changing market conditions. First, this includes the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which allows banks again to merge with investment and insurance houses. Merging banking, investment, and insurance functions allows traditional banks to respond to increasing consumer demands for "one-stop shopping" by enabling cross-selling of products (which, the banks hope, will also increase profitability). Second, they have expanded the use of risk-based pricing from business lending to consumer lending, which means charging higher interest rates to those customers that are considered to be a higher credit risk and thus increased chance of default on loans. This helps to offset the losses from bad loans, lowers the price of loans to those who have better credit histories, and offers credit products to high risk customers who would otherwise been denied credit. Third, they have sought to increase the methods of payment processing available to the general public and business clients. These products include debit cards, prepaid cards, smart cards, and credit cards. They make it easier for consumers to conveniently make transactions and smooth their consumption over time (in some countries with underdeveloped financial systems, it is still common to deal strictly in cash, including carrying suitcases filled with cash to purchase a home). However, with convenience of easy credit, there is also increased risk that consumers will mismanage their financial resources and accumulate excessive debt. Banks make money from card products through interest payments and fees charged to consumers and transaction fees to companies that accept the cards. Helps in making profit and economic development as a whole.
A bank generates a profit from the differential between the level of interest it pays for deposits and other sources of funds, and the level of interest it charges in its lending activities. This difference is referred to as the spread between the cost of funds and the loan interest rate. Historically, profitability from lending activities has been cyclical and dependent on the needs and strengths of loan customers. In recent history, investors have demanded a more stable revenue stream and banks have therefore placed more emphasis on transaction fees, primarily loan fees but also including service charges on an array of deposit activities and ancillary services (international banking, foreign exchange, insurance, investments, wire transfers, etc.). Lending activities, however, still provide the bulk of a commercial bank's income.
In the past 10 years American banks have taken many measures to ensure that they remain profitable while responding to increasingly changing market conditions. First, this includes the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which allows banks again to merge with investment and insurance houses. Merging banking, investment, and insurance functions allows traditional banks to respond to increasing consumer demands for "one-stop shopping" by enabling cross-selling of products (which, the banks hope, will also increase profitability). Second, they have expanded the use of risk-based pricing from business lending to consumer lending, which means charging higher interest rates to those customers that are considered to be a higher credit risk and thus increased chance of default on loans. This helps to offset the losses from bad loans, lowers the price of loans to those who have better credit histories, and offers credit products to high risk customers who would otherwise been denied credit. Third, they have sought to increase the methods of payment processing available to the general public and business clients. These products include debit cards, prepaid cards, smart cards, and credit cards. They make it easier for consumers to conveniently make transactions and smooth their consumption over time (in some countries with underdeveloped financial systems, it is still common to deal strictly in cash, including carrying suitcases filled with cash to purchase a home). However, with convenience of easy credit, there is also increased risk that consumers will mismanage their financial resources and accumulate excessive debt. Banks make money from card products through interest payments and fees charged to consumers and transaction fees to companies that accept the cards. Helps in making profit and economic development as a whole.
Bank crisis
Banks are susceptible to many forms of risk which have triggered occasional systemic crises. These include liquidity risk (where many depositors may request withdrawals beyond available funds), credit risk (the chance that those who owe money to the bank will not repay it), and interest rate risk (the possibility that the bank will become unprofitable, if rising interest rates force it to pay relatively more on its deposits than it receives on its loans).
Banking crises have developed many times throughout history, when one or more risks have materialized for a banking sector as a whole. Prominent examples include the bank run that occurred during the Great Depression, the U.S. Savings and Loan crisis in the 1980s and early 1990s, the Japanese banking crisis during the 1990s, and the subprime mortgage crisis in the 2000s.
Banks are susceptible to many forms of risk which have triggered occasional systemic crises. These include liquidity risk (where many depositors may request withdrawals beyond available funds), credit risk (the chance that those who owe money to the bank will not repay it), and interest rate risk (the possibility that the bank will become unprofitable, if rising interest rates force it to pay relatively more on its deposits than it receives on its loans).
Banking crises have developed many times throughout history, when one or more risks have materialized for a banking sector as a whole. Prominent examples include the bank run that occurred during the Great Depression, the U.S. Savings and Loan crisis in the 1980s and early 1990s, the Japanese banking crisis during the 1990s, and the subprime mortgage crisis in the 2000s.
Size of global banking industry
Worldwide assets of the largest 1,000 banks grew 16.3% in 2006/2007 to reach a record $74.2 trillion. This follows a 5.4% increase in the previous year. EU banks held the largest share, 53%, up from 43% a decade earlier. The growth in Europe’s share was mostly at the expense of Japanese banks, whose share more than halved during this period from 21% to 10%. The share of US banks remained relatively stable at around 14%. Most of the remainder was from other Asian and European countries.[8]
The United States has by far the most banks in the world, both in terms of institutions (7,540 at the end of 2005) and branches (75,000). This is an indicator of the geography and regulatory structure of the USA, resulting in a large number of small to medium-sized institutions in its banking system. Japan had 129 banks and 12,000 branches. In 2004, Germany, France, and Italy each had more than 30,000 branches—more than double the 15,000 branches in the UK.
Worldwide assets of the largest 1,000 banks grew 16.3% in 2006/2007 to reach a record $74.2 trillion. This follows a 5.4% increase in the previous year. EU banks held the largest share, 53%, up from 43% a decade earlier. The growth in Europe’s share was mostly at the expense of Japanese banks, whose share more than halved during this period from 21% to 10%. The share of US banks remained relatively stable at around 14%. Most of the remainder was from other Asian and European countries.[8]
The United States has by far the most banks in the world, both in terms of institutions (7,540 at the end of 2005) and branches (75,000). This is an indicator of the geography and regulatory structure of the USA, resulting in a large number of small to medium-sized institutions in its banking system. Japan had 129 banks and 12,000 branches. In 2004, Germany, France, and Italy each had more than 30,000 branches—more than double the 15,000 branches in the UK.
Types of investment banks
Investment banks "underwrite" (guarantee the sale of) stock and bond issues, trade for their own accounts, make markets, and advise corporations on capital market activities such as mergers and acquisitions.
Merchant banks were traditionally banks which engaged in trade finance. The modern definition, however, refers to banks which provide capital to firms in the form of shares rather than loans. Unlike venture capital firms, they tend not to invest in new companies.
Investment banks "underwrite" (guarantee the sale of) stock and bond issues, trade for their own accounts, make markets, and advise corporations on capital market activities such as mergers and acquisitions.
Merchant banks were traditionally banks which engaged in trade finance. The modern definition, however, refers to banks which provide capital to firms in the form of shares rather than loans. Unlike venture capital firms, they tend not to invest in new companies.
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